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Florence Goodenough
Florence Laura Goodenough (August 6, 1886 – April 4, 1959) was an American psychologist and professor at the University of Minnesota who is noted for developing the Minnesota Preschool Scale and the Goodenough Draw-A-Man test (now the Draw-A-Person Test). She wrote the ''Handbook of Child Psychology'' in 1933, and she became president of the National Council of Women Psychologists in 1942. She is also noted for her instruction of Ruth Howard, the second African American woman to earn a Ph.D. in Psychology.
==Biography==
Florence Laura Goodenough was born on August 6, 1886 in Honesdale, Pennsylvania and was the youngest of nine children.〔http://faculty.frostburg.edu/mbradley/psyography/florencegoodenough.html〕〔Florence L. Goodenough, 1886–1959. Child Development, 30, 305–306.〕〔Jolly, J. L. (2010). Florence L. Goodenough: Portrait of a Psychologist. Roeper Review, 32:98–105. The Roeper Institute.〕〔Rodkey, E. (2010). Profile of Florence L. Goodenough. In A. Rutherford (Ed.), Psychology's Feminist Voices Multimedia Internet Archive. Retrieved from http://www.feministvoices.com/florence_goodenough/〕 She was home-schooled and received the equivalent of a high school diploma. In 1908 she graduated with a Bachelor of Pedagogy from Normal School in Millersville, Pennsylvania.〔〔 She earned her B.S. in 1920 from Columbia University.〔〔Harris, D. (1959). Florence L. Goodenough, 1886–1959. Child Development, 30, 305–306.〕 At Columbia she studied under Leta Stetter Hollingworth, and earned her M.A. in 1921 while working with Leta Hollingsworth.〔〔〔http://www2.webster.edu/~woolflm/women.html〕 She received her Ph.D. from Stanford University in 1924.〔〔
Also at Stanford, Lewis Terman was beginning a study on gifted children and was selecting prospective researchers for his work.〔Rogers, K. B. (1999). The Lifelong Productivity of the Female Research hers in Terman's Genetic Studies of Genius Longitudinal Study. Gifted Child Quarterly, 43: 150. DOI: 10.1177/001698629904300303〕 Goodenough was noticed by Terman because of her IQ score.〔〔 She was chosen, and contributed substantially over the duration of the project, serving as chief field psychologist and chief research psychologist.〔〔〔 Goodenough was listed as a contributor to Terman's book ''Genetic Studies of Genius''.〔〔Plucker, J. A. (Ed.). (2003). Human intelligence: Historical influences, current controversies, teaching resources. Retrieved March 20, 2012.〕〔Thompson 1990〕 Soon after she joined the Institute of Child Welfare at the University of Minnesota as an Assistant Professor. She became a professor in 1931.〔〔〔 At the University of Minnesota Goodenough created the Draw-a-Man test (Goodenough-Harris Draw-A-Person Test), which could measure intelligence in children.〔〔〔〔 She published the test in her 1926 book ''Measurement of Intelligence by Drawing'', which included detailed accounts of procedures, scoring, and examples.〔〔
Later she suffered from a degenerative disease and was forced into early retirement in 1947.〔〔〔 Despite the illness which induced a loss in sight and hearing, Goodenough published three more books after learning braille; ''Mental Testing: Its History, Principles, and Applications'' in 1949, ''Exceptional Children'' in 1954, and the third edition of ''Developmental Psychology'' in 1959.〔〔〔 Altogether, Goodenough published 10 texts and 26 research articles.〔 She died of a stroke in Florida on April 4, 1959.〔〔〔〔Stevens, G. and Gardner, S. (1982). Florence Laura Goodenough. In G. Stevens and S. Gardner (Eds.), The women of psychology, Volume 1: Pioneers and innovators (pp. 193–197). Cambridge, MA.: Schenkman Publishing〕
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